Built Environment
- Design & Control

Sun, R., Liu, J., Lai, D.*, and Liu, W.* Building form and outdoor thermal comfort: inverse design the microclimate of outdoor space for a kindergarten. Energy and Buildings, 2023, 112824.

Building form and outdoor thermal comfort: inverse design the microclimate

Air Distributions in Commercial Aircraft Cabin

Environmental Control Systems (ECS) in airliners are responsible in delivering a comfortable and healthy cabin environment. In order to design a better ECS or improve how ECS operates to satisfy the need of comfort and safety in cabin, it is essential to study how the air and contaminants are transported and distributed in cabins.

Experiment setup

Experimental results

CFD 1.9 h

FFD 0.1 h

Further Development of Fast Fluid Dynamics and Its Implementation in OpenFOAM

Liu, W., You, R., Zhang, Jie., and Chen, Q. Development of a fast fluid dynamics-based adjoint method for the inverse design of indoor environments. Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2017, 10(3): 326-343.

Further Development of Fast Fluid Dynamics and Its Implementation in OpenFOAM

Development of Adaptive Coarse Grid Generation Methods for FFD in Simulating Indoor Airflow

Adjust the grid resolution by controlling the numerical error

Design purpose, grid will be used repeatedly

Conceptual design, one-time use

Grid provides grid-independent solution

Refined grid with improved accuracy

Coarse grid with similar accuracy

Performance of coarse grid

Very coarse grid

Liu, W. and Chen, Q. Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2018, 11(4): 470-484.

Inverse Design of Built Environment by a CFD-based Adjoint Method

CFD-based adjoint method - gradient-based

Application in an aircraft cabin

Computing time: 20 h/design cycle (laptop), 20 design cycles

Method validation

Liu, W., et al. Energy and Buildings, 2015, 104, 147-155.

Development of FFD-based Adjoint Method

Can we use Fast Fluid Dynamics (FFD)?

FFD-based adjoint method, 4-16 times faster

0.5 million cells

2 hrs for single RANS

Home computer

Liu, W., et al. Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2017, 10(3): 326-343.

Air supply

Characterization of Ultrafine Particles Emitted During 3D Printing

This work was done with Giovanny Aguilera, supervised by Dr. Brandon Boor at Purdue University

2025

Birds flew over the spire | 群鸟飞过尖顶

听海

Milonga

Etude in E minor

Etude: Allegro spiritoso

A New Day | 新的一天

Dedicatoria | 奉献

2024

天黑黑

雪落下的声音

蝶恋

这条小鱼在乎

13 Jours en France

Can You Feel the Love Tonight

Eyes on Me (Final Fantasy VIII)

Londonderry Air (Danny Boy)

City of Stars - La La Land

Waltz No. 19 in A Minor - Frédéric Chopin

Etude No. 6 (Estudios Sencillos) - Leo Brouwer

2023

Etude Op. 60 No. 3 - Matteo Carcassi

Lettres II - Lettre à la Seine - Roland Dyens

Mazurka Choro - H.Villa Lobos

Adelita - Francisco Tárrega

Napoleon Coste - La Romanesca op.19b

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